Fennell Bay, New South Wales

Fennell Bay is a suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie in New South Wales, Australia north of the town of Toronto on a bay of the same name, west of Lake Macquarie.Geological history and anthropologyFennell Bay is the first place of Reservation to preserve fossil forests in Australia, and via the missionary-recorded early stories of native inhabitants, this fossil forest also holds significance to geological and Aboriginal history alike. The forest is of Permian age, composed of the same trees as formed the nearby coal seams (coal being subsequently mined on the western side of the Bay, in the Southern Pacific Colliery). The trees, now silicified and still upstanding, are believed to have been buried in volcanic ash erupted from a volcano somewhere east of the present day coastline.The Fennell Bay fossil forest was first recorded in 1834, in the writings of a famous missionary, the Reverend L.E. Threlkeld. The record is in his "An Australian Grammar: comprehending the principles and natural rules of the language, as spoken by the Aborigines in the vicinity of Hunter’s River, Lake Macquarie, &c., New South Wales" (Stephens & Stokes, Sydney, 1834, 131pp.). The following note on the fossil forest is contained therein on page 51: "Kurra-kurran, the name of a place in which there is almost a forest of petrifications of wood, of various sizes, extremely well defined. It is in a bay at the north-western extremity of Lake Macquarie. The tradition of the aborigines is, that formerly it was one large rock which fell from the heavens and killed a number of blacks who were assembled there; they had gathered themselves together in that spot by command of an immense iguana, which came down from heaven for that purpose; the iguana was angry at their having killed lice by roasting them in the fire; those who had killed the vermin by cracking them, had been previously speared to death by him with a long reed from Heaven! At that remote period, the moon was a man named Pontobug; and hence the moon is called he to the present day; but the sun, being formerly a woman, retains the feminine pronoun she. When the iguana saw all the men were killed by the fall of the stone, he ascended up into Heaven, where he is supposed to be now."